Antibiotika 10
Infektio-Guide / KAROW PHARMAKOLOGIE 2022 Infektio-Guide / KAROW PHARMAKOLOGIE 2022 Infektio-Guide / KAROW PH
9.1.2.2 Wirkspektrum der Antibiotika
Antibiotika Penicilline Carbapeneme Gyrasehemmer
Mikroorganismen
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Flucloxacillin
Amoxycillin
Ampicillin
Amoxycillin +
Clavulansäure
Ampicillin +
Sulbactam
Piperacillin +
Tazobactam
Imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem
Aztreonam
Ofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Streptokokken A, B, C, F, G 5 ++ ++ + + + + + + + + + + ∅ ± ± ± ±
Strept. pneumoniae 5 ++ ++ + + + + + + + + + + ∅ ± ± + +
Strept. viridans 5 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± + + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ + +
Enterococc. faecalis +1 ∅ ∅ +1 ++ + + + ± ± ± ± ∅ ± ± + +
Enterococc. faecium ± ∅ ∅ ± ± ± ± ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Enterococc. faecium (VRE) ± ∅ ∅ ± ± ± ± ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Staph. aureus (MSSA) 5 ± ± ++ ± ± + + + + + + + ∅ + + + +
Staph. aureus (HA-MRSA) 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Staph. aureus (CA-MRSA) 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± ± ±
Kokken
Staph. Koagulase-negativ 5 ± ± ++ ± ± + + + + + + + ∅ + + + +
C. diphtheriae 5 ++ +1 ∅ + + + + + ? ? ? ? ∅ ? ? ? ?
L. monocytogenes + ∅ ∅ + ++ + + + + ? ? ? ∅ ∅ ∅ + +
grampositiv
Stäbchen
Nocardia sp. ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ? ? ++ + ∅ ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
N. gonorrhoeae ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + + + ± ± ± ∅
Kokken
N. meningitidis + ∅ ∅ + + ∅ ∅ + + + + + + ? ? ? ?
E. coli 3 ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± + + + + + + + + + + + +
Klebsiella sp. 3 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + + + + + + + + + +
E. coli/Klebsiella sp. ESBL + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ++ ++ + + ∅ ± ± ± ±
Enterobacter sp. 3 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + + + + + + + +
Serratia sp. 4 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ +1 + + + + + + ++ ++ +
Salmonella sp. 4 ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± + + + + + + + + + ++ + +
Shigella sp. ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + + + + + + + ++ ++ +
Proteus mirabilis 3 ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + + +1 +1 +1 + + + + +1 + +
Proteus vulgaris 3 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + +1 +1 +1 + + + + +1 + +
Morganella sp. 3 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ +1 +1 +1 + + + + +1 + ?
Citrobacter sp. 3 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ +1 +1 + + ± + +1 + +
Aeromonas sp. 3 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± ± + + + + + + +1 +1 +
Stäbchen: Enterobacteriaceae
Y. enterocolitica ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± + + + ? + + + ++ +1 +
B. pertussis ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ? ? ?
Brucella 3, 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? + ? ?
H. ducreyi ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ? ? ? ? ? +1 ? ?
H. influenzae 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± +1 +1 + + + + + + + + + +
Legionella sp. ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + +1 ++ ++
M. catarrhalis ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ + + + + + + + + + + +
V. cholerae ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ++ ? ?
andere Stächen
Y. pestis 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? + ? ?
Acinetobacter sp. ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± ++ ++ ∅ +1 ∅ + + + +
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ + + ∅ + + ∅ + + ∅
gramnegativ
Nonfermenter
S. (X.) maltophilia ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ±
Borrelia burgdorferi 5 + ∅ ∅ ++ +1 + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Leptospira sp. 3, 5 ++ ∅ ∅ +1 + + + + + + + + + + + + +
T. pallidum ++ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Chlamydophila pneumoniae ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + +
Aerobier
atypisches
Gramverhalten
M. pneumoniae ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + ++ +1
Actinomyces ++ +1 ∅ +1 ++ + + + + + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ?
Bacteroides fragilis ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + ++ +1 +1 +1 + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ±
Clostridium difficile ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Anaero-
bier Clostridium (non difficile) 5 ++ + ∅ + + + + + + + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Tab. 9.3 1 in Sanford 2016 auch 2 bevorzugt bei Penicillin-Allergie oder –Resistenz
++ 3 abhängig von Erkrankung/-schwere 4 wenn sensibel 5 siehe auch 9.1.2.1 + 9.1.2.3