Antibiotika 11
Infektio-Guide / KAROW PHARMAKOLOGIE 2022 Infektio-Guide / KAROW PHARMAKOLOGIE 2022 Infektio-Guide / KAROW PH
parenterale Cephalosporine orale Cephalosporine
1 2 3a 3b 4 5 1 2 3
Makrolide/
Ketolid
Antibiotika
Mikroorganismen
Cefazolin
Cefuroxim
Cefotaxim
Ceftriaxon
Ceftazidim
Cefepim
Ceftarolin
Cefadroxil
Cefalexin
Cefaclor
Cefuroxim-Axetil
Cefixim
Cefpodoxim
Ceftbuten
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Telithromycin
Streptokokken A, B, C, F, G 5 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ± ± ± +
Strept. pneumoniae 5 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ± ± ± +
Strept. viridans 5 + + ++ ++ ± + + + + + + + + ∅ ± ± ± +
Enterococc. faecalis ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Enterococc. faecium ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Enterococc. faecium (VRE) ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Staph. aureus (MSSA) 5 ++ + + + ± + + + + + + ∅ + ∅ ± ± ± +
Staph. aureus (HA-MRSA) 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ±
Staph. aureus (CA-MRSA) 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ±
Kokken
Staph. Koagulase-negativ 5 ++ + + + ± + + + + + + ∅ + ∅ ± ± ± +
C. diphtheriae 5 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ++ + + ?
L. monocytogenes ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
grampositiv
Stäbchen
Nocardia sp. ∅ ∅ ± ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ? ?
N. gonorrhoeae ± ∅ ± ++ ? + ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅
Kokken
N. meningitidis ∅ + + ++ + + ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
E. coli 3 + + + + + + + ± ± ± + + + + ∅ ∅ ± ∅
Klebsiella sp. 3 + + + + + + + ± ± ± + + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
E. coli/Klebsiella sp. ESBL + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Enterobacter sp. 3 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Serratia sp. 4 ∅ ∅ + + + + ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Salmonella sp. 4 ∅ ? + ++ + + ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + ∅ ∅ + ∅
Shigella sp. ∅ ? + + + + ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + ∅ ∅ + ∅
Proteus mirabilis 3 + + + + + + + ∅ ∅ + + + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Proteus vulgaris 3 ∅ + + + + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Morganella sp. 3 ∅ ∅ + + + +1 + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Citrobacter sp. 3 ∅ ∅ ± ± ± +1 + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Aeromonas sp. 3 ∅ ? + + + + ? ? ∅ ? ? ? ? ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Stäbchen: Enterobacteriaceae
Y. enterocolitica ∅ ± +1 ++ ± +1 ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ? + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
B. pertussis ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ++ ++ ?
Brucella 3, 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
H. ducreyi ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ ∅ ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ +1 ? ++ ?
H. influenzae 5 ∅ + ++ ++ + + + ∅ ∅ ± + + + + ∅ + + +
Legionella sp. ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ +1 +1 ++ +
M. catarrhalis ∅ + + + + + + ∅ ∅ ± + + + + + + + +
V. cholerae ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ? + ?
andere Stächen
Y. pestis 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Acinetobacter sp. ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± ± ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
gramnegativ
Nonfermenter
S. (X.) maltophilia ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Borrelia burgdorferi 5 ∅ + + ++ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ +1 ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + ?
Leptospira sp. 3, 5 ? ? +1 ++ ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + + + ?
T. pallidum ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅
Chlamydophila pneumoniae ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + +
Aerobier
atypisches
Gramverhalten
M. pneumoniae ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± ± ±
Actinomyces ∅ ∅ + + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? +1 + + ?
Bacteroides fragilis ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Clostridium difficile ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Anaero-
bier
Clostridium (non difficile) 5 ∅ ? + + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + + + ?
Tab. 9.4
++ = 1. Wahl oder Alternative ± = variabel
(eingeschränkt
effektiv)
∅ = keine Empfehlung (hohe Resistenzraten u/o
schlechte Gewebegängigkeit u/o hohe Toxizität u/o
unzureichende klinische Daten zur Wirksamkeit)
? = unzureichende Daten,
um Empfehlung (++/+/±/∅)
+ = effektiv, Zweitlinienempfehlung auszusprechen