Antibiotika 12
Infektio-Guide / KAROW PHARMAKOLOGIE 2022 Infektio-Guide / KAROW PHARMAKOLOGIE 2022 Infektio-Guide / KAROW PH
Antibiotika Aminoglykoside
Tetracycline
Glykopeptide
Oxazolidinon
Diverse
Mikroorganismen
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Doxycyclin
Minocyclin
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Telavancin
Linezolid
Tedizolid
Clindamycin
Cotrimoxazol
Daptomycin
Fosfomycin
Fusidinsäure
Metronidazol
Nitrofurantoin
Quinupristin +
Dalfopristin
Rifampicin*
Tigecyclin
Polymycin B
Colistin
Streptokokken A,B,C,F,G 5 ± ∅ ∅ ? ? + + + + + + ± + ∅ ? ∅ ∅ + ∅ + ∅ ∅
Strept. pneumoniae 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± + + + + + + ± ± ∅ ? ∅ ∅ + ∅ + ∅ ∅
Strept. viridans 5 ± ∅ ∅ ± ± +1,2 +1,2 + + + ± ? + ∅ ? ∅ ∅ + ∅ + ∅ ∅
Enterococc. faecalis ± ∅ ∅ ± ± +1,2 +1,2 + + + ∅ ∅ + + ± ∅ + ∅ ± + ∅ ∅
Enterococc. faecium ± ∅ ∅ ± ± ± ± ± ++ + ∅ ∅ + + ± ∅ + + ± + ∅ ∅
Enterococc. faecium (VRE) ± ∅ ∅ ± ± ∅ ∅ ± ++ + ∅ ∅ + + ∅ ∅ + ∅ ± ± ∅ ∅
Staph. aureus (MSSA) 5 ± ? ? + + + + + + + + + + + +1 ∅ ∅ + ± + ∅ ∅
Staph. aureus (HA-MRSA) 5 ± ? ? + + ++ +1 + ++ + ± + ++ + +1 ∅ ∅ + ± + ∅ ∅
Staph. aureus (CA-MRSA) 5 ± ? ? + + ++ +1 + + + + + ++ + +1 ∅ ∅ + ± + ∅ ∅
Kokken
Staph. Koagulase-negativ 5 ± ? ? + + + + + + + + + + + +1 ∅ ∅ + ± + ∅ ∅
C. diphtheriae 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
L. monocytogenes ± ? ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ? ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
grampositiv
Stäbchen
Nocardia sp. ∅ ∅ +1 ? ± ∅ ∅ ∅ + ? ∅ ++ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ∅ ∅
N. gonorrhoeae ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ∅ ∅
Kokken
N. meningitidis ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
E. coli 3 + + + ± ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ + ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ + + +
Klebsiella sp. 3 + + + ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ + ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ + + +
E. coli/Klebsiella sp. ESBL + ± ± ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ + ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ + +
Enterobacter sp. 3 + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ + ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ∅ + + +
Serratia sp. 4 + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅
Salmonella sp. 4 + + + ± ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅
Shigella sp. + + + ± ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅
Proteus mirabilis 3 + + + ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅
Proteus vulgaris 3 + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Morganella sp. 3 + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ∅ ∅
Citrobacter sp. 3 + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ + ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ∅ + + +
Aeromonas sp. 3 + + + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + +
Stäbchen: Enterobacteriaceae
Y. enterocolitica + + + + ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? + +
B. pertussis ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Brucella 3, 5 + ? ? + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ? ∅ ∅
H. ducreyi ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
H. influenzae 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Legionella sp. ∅ ∅ ∅ + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± + ∅ ∅
M. catarrhalis ∅ ∅ ∅ + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
V. cholerae ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
andere Stächen
Y. pestis 5 + ? ? + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ∅ ∅
Acinetobacter sp. ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + +
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5 + + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + +
gramnegativ
Nonfermenter
S. (X.) maltophilia ∅ ∅ ∅ + + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + + +
Borrelia burgdorferi 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ∅ ∅
Leptospira sp. 3, 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ +1 + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ∅ ∅
T. pallidum ∅ ∅ ∅ + ? ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ? ∅ ∅
Chlamydophila pneumoniae ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ + ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± + ∅ ∅
Aerobier
atypisches
Gramverhalten
M. pneumoniae ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ +1 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅
Actinomyces ∅ ∅ ∅ + + ? ∅ ? + ? +1 ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ? ∅ ∅
Bacteroides fragilis ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ± ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ ∅ ∅ ∅ + ∅ ∅
Clostridium difficile ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ++ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
Anaero-
bier
Clostridium (non difficile) 5 ∅ ∅ ∅ + + + + + + ∅ + ∅ ± ∅ ∅ + ∅ + ∅ + ∅ ∅
Tab. 9.5 *Rifampicin nur als Reservepräparat und als Kombinationspartner
++ = 1. Wahl oder Alternative
+ = effektiv, Zweitlinienempfehlung
∅ = keine Empfehlung (hohe Resistenzraten u/o
schlechte Gewebegängigkeit u/o hohe Toxizität u/o
unzureichende klinische Daten zur Wirksamkeit)
? = unzureichende Daten,
um Empfehlung (++/+/±/∅)
auszusprechen
± = variabel
(eingeschränkt
effektiv)
1 in Sanford 2016 auch 2 bevorzugt bei Penicillin-Allergie/Resistenz ++ 3 abhängig von Erkrankung/-schwere 4 wenn sensibel 5 siehe 9.1.2.1 + 9.1.2.3